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Chloral Hydrate
The oldest of the hypnotic (sleep inducing} depressants, chloral
hydrate was first synthesized in 1832. Marketed as syrups or
soft gelatin capsules, chloral hydrate takes effect in a
relatively short time (30 minutes) and will induce sleep in
about an hour. A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol
constituted the infamous "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn." At
therapeutic doses, chloral hydrate has little effect on
respiration and blood pressure; however; a toxic dose produces
severe respiratory depression and very low blood pressure.
Chronic use is associated with liver damage and a severe
withdrawal syndrome. Although some physicians consider chloral
hydrate to be the drug of choice for sedation of children before
diagnostic, dental, or medical procedures, its general use as a
hypnotic has declined. Chloral hydrate (Noctec® and other) and
compounds, preparations, or mixtures containing choral hydrate
are in Schedule IV of the CSA.
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